You feel the kinetic energy of moving molecules as heat, or thermal energy. When the molecules in matter gain energy, they move more, vibrating in place or even bouncing off of one another. When it arrives, some of that solar energy is blocked or absorbed by the atmosphere, but what isn’t blocked is absorbed or reflected by the air, land, water, plants, and other matter that covers the surface of our planet. It takes about 8 minutes for the electromagnetic radiation from the Sun to travel the 93 million miles to Earth. UV light has a shorter wavelength than visible light, which has a shorter wavelength than infrared radiation. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency, and the higher the energy. The number of crests that pass a given point within one second is the frequency of the wavelength. Wavelengths are measured by the distance between two crests of the wave. Radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum has different wavelengths. Visible light, infrared radiation (heat), and ultraviolet (UV) light are all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves of energy are part of the electromagnetic spectrum that encompasses everything from long radio waves to very short gamma rays. Unlike forms of energy that need to move through matter (like sound), electromagnetic radiation can travel through the vacuum of space, without other atoms, molecules, or other particles to carry it. The heat, light, and radiation that come from the sun are all examples of electromagnetic radiation. The sun’s heat and light provide enough energy to sustain the chemical reactions and physical conditions that support life on Earth.ĭownload a poster based on this video. The charged particles create the solar wind that moves far out into space, millions of miles away. The energy formed from nuclear fusion within the core of the Sun travels outward to the convective zone and then the photosphere, where solar radiation is emitted as charged particles, heat, and light from the sun’s surface and atmosphere. Every 1.5 millionths of a second, the Sun releases more energy than all of humanity could consume in an entire year. This process is called nuclear fusion, and it releases a lot of energy. That pressure causes hydrogen atoms to collide with incredible force, forming a new element-helium. It’s held together by an intense internal gravitational pull which creates a powerful pressure inside the Sun. The Sun is a massive body of incredibly hot, electrically-charged gasses (mostly hydrogen).
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